See draugr on Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "draugrs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "draugar",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "draug",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "+",
"2": "draugar"
},
"expansion": "draugr (plural draugrs or draugar)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Marathi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old Norse translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Norse mythology",
"orig": "en:Norse mythology",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "41 6 6 6 6 10 23 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 10 10 10 10 10 22 1 1",
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"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "29 8 8 8 8 16 19 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An undead creature from Norse mythology, an animated corpse that inhabits its grave, often guarding buried treasure."
],
"id": "en-draugr-en-noun-9L9R7xJ5",
"links": [
[
"Norse",
"Norse"
],
[
"mythology",
"mythology"
],
[
"undead",
"undead"
],
[
"Norse",
"Norse"
],
[
"mythology",
"mythology"
],
[
"corpse",
"corpse"
],
[
"grave",
"grave"
],
[
"treasure",
"treasure"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Norse mythology) An undead creature from Norse mythology, an animated corpse that inhabits its grave, often guarding buried treasure."
],
"tags": [
"Norse"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"mysticism",
"mythology",
"philosophy",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "an undead creature from Norse mythology",
"word": "draŭgro"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"lang_code": "mr",
"roman": "ḍrŏgra",
"sense": "an undead creature from Norse mythology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ड्रॉग्र"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "an undead creature from Norse mythology",
"word": "draug"
},
{
"code": "non",
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"lang_code": "non",
"sense": "an undead creature from Norse mythology",
"word": "draugr"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "an undead creature from Norse mythology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "draugr"
}
]
}
],
"word": "draugr"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "Ruler of the dead: Odin",
"translation": "Ruler of the dead: Odin",
"word": "Draugadróttinn"
}
],
"descendants": [
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"lang_code": "fo",
"word": "dreygur"
},
{
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"lang_code": "is",
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},
{
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{
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],
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},
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],
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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"word": "drauv"
},
{
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"word": "drøv"
},
{
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{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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"word": "drøv"
},
{
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}
],
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},
{
"lang": "Old Danish",
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"word": "drog"
},
{
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{
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},
{
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},
{
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}
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"word": "*drøgher"
},
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},
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],
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"word": "*drauker"
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"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "the devil, Satan",
"word": "dråmårn"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "dråkerskap"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "dråmerskap"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "devilment, devilry, mischief",
"word": "drånskap"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "devil",
"word": "dråmår"
}
],
"lang": "Scanian",
"lang_code": "gmq-scy",
"sense": "devil",
"word": "*drau"
},
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing"
],
"word": "drauge"
},
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing",
"learned"
],
"word": "dravge"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Draugr"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing"
],
"word": "draugr"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Draugr"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing",
"learned"
],
"word": "draug"
},
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing",
"learned"
],
"word": "draug"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*ᛞᚨᚱᚨᚢᚷᚨᛉ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Norse/ᛞᚨᚱᚨᚢᚷᚨᛉ"
],
[
"*draugaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/draugaz"
],
[
"gidrog",
"gidrog#Old_Saxon"
],
[
"bitrog",
"bitrog#Old_High_German"
],
[
"gitrog",
"gitrog#Old_High_German"
],
[
"raukka",
"raukka#Finnish"
],
[
"*rāvkë",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Samic/rāvkë"
],
[
"drumbr",
"drumbr#Old_Norse"
],
[
"dræmr",
"dræmr#Old_Norse"
],
[
"dråmer",
"dråmer#Scanian"
],
[
"dråmår",
"dråmår#Scanian"
],
[
"drommel",
"drommel#Dutch"
],
[
"drommels",
"drommels#Dutch"
],
[
"drummedaris",
"drummedaris#Latin"
],
[
"drög",
"drög#Swedish"
],
[
"dröger",
"dröger#Swedish"
],
[
"drog",
"drog#Danish"
],
[
"draighie",
"draighie#Scots"
],
[
"draich",
"draich#Scots"
],
[
"draick",
"draick#Scots"
],
[
"draich",
"draich#Scots"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰrewgʰ-",
"id": "deceive"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "gmq-pro",
"3": "*ᛞᚨᚱᚨᚢᚷᚨᛉ",
"t": "revenant, ghost, phantom; deceiver",
"tr": "*dᵃraugaʀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse *ᛞᚨᚱᚨᚢᚷᚨᛉ (*dᵃraugaʀ, “revenant, ghost, phantom; deceiver”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*draugaz",
"4": "",
"5": "delusion, mirage, illusion"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *draugaz (“delusion, mirage, illusion”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gidrog",
"3": "",
"4": "delusion"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon gidrog (“delusion”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "bitrog",
"3": "",
"4": "delusion"
},
"expansion": "Old High German bitrog (“delusion”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "raukka"
},
"expansion": "Finnish raukka",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*rāvkë"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Samic *rāvkë",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-scy",
"2": "dråmer"
},
"expansion": "Scanian dråmer",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "drommel"
},
"expansion": "Dutch drommel",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "drummedaris",
"3": "",
"4": "slow human"
},
"expansion": "Latin drummedaris (“slow human”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "drög",
"3": "",
"4": "nut, idiot"
},
"expansion": "Swedish drög (“nut, idiot”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "drog",
"3": "",
"4": "a good-for-nothing"
},
"expansion": "Danish drog (“a good-for-nothing”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "draighie"
},
"expansion": "Scots draighie",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Norse *ᛞᚨᚱᚨᚢᚷᚨᛉ (*dᵃraugaʀ, “revenant, ghost, phantom; deceiver”), from Proto-Germanic *draugaz (“delusion, mirage, illusion”). Akin to Old Saxon gidrog (“delusion”) and Old High German bitrog (“delusion”), gitrog (“ghost”). See also Finnish raukka.\nAlso borrowed into the Sami-languages through an earlier Proto-Norse form, see Proto-Samic *rāvkë.\nRelated by analogy to etymology 2, such as drumbr (“log; peasant”), dræmr (“slow”); Scanian dråmer, dråmår (“devil”); Dutch drommel, drommels (“devil”); Latin drummedaris (“slow human”); Swedish drög (“nut, idiot”), dröger (“slow human”); Danish drog (“a good-for-nothing”); Scots draighie, draich, draick (“a lazy, lumpish, useless person”), draich (“slow, spiritless”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "draugs",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "draugar",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "non-decl-m-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "draugr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "draugrinn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "draugar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "draugarnir",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "draug",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drauginn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drauga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "draugana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "draugi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drauginum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "draugum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "draugunum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "draugs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "draugsins",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drauga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drauganna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"10": "{{{dative}}}",
"11": "plural",
"12": "draugar",
"13": "or",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{ap}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "genitive",
"4": "draugs",
"5": "or",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{datacc}}}",
"9": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "draugr m (genitive draugs, plural draugar)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "draugs",
"3": "draugar"
},
"expansion": "draugr m (genitive draugs, plural draugar)",
"name": "non-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "draug",
"2": "draug"
},
"name": "non-decl-m-a"
},
{
"args": {
"apd": "draugana",
"api": "drauga",
"asd": "drauginn",
"asi": "draug",
"dpd": "draugunum",
"dpi": "draugum",
"dsd": "drauginum",
"dsi": "draugi",
"g": "masculine",
"gpd": "drauganna",
"gpi": "drauga",
"gsd": "draugsins",
"gsi": "draugs",
"notes": "",
"npd": "draugarnir",
"npi": "draugar",
"nsd": "draugrinn",
"nsi": "draugr",
"stem": "strong a-stem",
"title": "draugr"
},
"name": "non-decl-blank-full"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "draugr",
"2": "nsi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "draugrinn",
"2": "nsd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "draugar",
"2": "npi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "draugarnir",
"2": "npd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "draug",
"2": "asi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "drauginn",
"2": "asd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "drauga",
"2": "api"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "draugana",
"2": "apd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "draugi",
"2": "dsi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "drauginum",
"2": "dsd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "draugum",
"2": "dpi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "draugunum",
"2": "dpd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "draugs",
"2": "gsi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "draugsins",
"2": "gsd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "drauga",
"2": "gpi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "drauganna",
"2": "gpd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "non",
"name": "Folklore",
"orig": "non:Folklore",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "\"He kindles furnace's fire\", said the ghost.",
"ref": "Þáttr Þorsteins skelks, in 1827, S. Egilsson, Þ. Guðmundsson, Fornmanna sögur, Volume III. Copenhagen, page 200",
"text": "Hann kyndir ofn brennanda, sagði draugrinn.",
"translation": "\"He kindles furnace's fire\", said the ghost."
}
],
"glosses": [
"based on descendants + cognates: malevolent supernatural (with magic powers) spook"
],
"id": "en-draugr-non-noun-non:ghost",
"links": [
[
"folklore",
"folklore"
],
[
"malevolent",
"malevolent"
],
[
"supernatural",
"supernatural"
],
[
"spook",
"spook"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(folklore) based on descendants + cognates: malevolent supernatural (with magic powers) spook"
],
"senseid": [
"non:ghost"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"arts",
"folklore",
"history",
"human-sciences",
"literature",
"media",
"publishing",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "non",
"name": "Folklore",
"orig": "non:Folklore",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"based on descendants + cognates: malevolent supernatural (with magic powers) spook",
"the badly dead"
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"alt": "Ruler of the dead: Odin",
"word": "Draugadróttinn"
}
],
"id": "en-draugr-non-noun-non:ghost1",
"links": [
[
"folklore",
"folklore"
],
[
"malevolent",
"malevolent"
],
[
"supernatural",
"supernatural"
],
[
"spook",
"spook"
],
[
"badly",
"badly"
],
[
"dead",
"dead"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(folklore) based on descendants + cognates: malevolent supernatural (with magic powers) spook",
"the badly dead"
],
"senseid": [
"non:ghost"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"arts",
"folklore",
"history",
"human-sciences",
"literature",
"media",
"publishing",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "non",
"name": "Folklore",
"orig": "non:Folklore",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"based on descendants + cognates: malevolent supernatural (with magic powers) spook",
"corporeal or manifested revenant, especially those defending their burrial, with vampiric (infectious) traits"
],
"id": "en-draugr-non-noun-non:ghost1",
"links": [
[
"folklore",
"folklore"
],
[
"malevolent",
"malevolent"
],
[
"supernatural",
"supernatural"
],
[
"spook",
"spook"
],
[
"revenant",
"revenant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(folklore) based on descendants + cognates: malevolent supernatural (with magic powers) spook",
"corporeal or manifested revenant, especially those defending their burrial, with vampiric (infectious) traits"
],
"senseid": [
"non:ghost"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"arts",
"folklore",
"history",
"human-sciences",
"literature",
"media",
"publishing",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "non",
"name": "Folklore",
"orig": "non:Folklore",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"based on descendants + cognates: malevolent supernatural (with magic powers) spook",
"undead haunting as a malevolent supernatural spirit/being (troll, devil, hobgoblin, nixie etc)"
],
"id": "en-draugr-non-noun-non:ghost1",
"links": [
[
"folklore",
"folklore"
],
[
"malevolent",
"malevolent"
],
[
"supernatural",
"supernatural"
],
[
"spook",
"spook"
],
[
"undead",
"undead"
],
[
"malevolent",
"malevolent"
],
[
"supernatural",
"supernatural"
],
[
"spirit",
"spirit"
],
[
"being",
"being"
],
[
"troll",
"troll#English"
],
[
"devil",
"devil#English"
],
[
"hobgoblin",
"hobgoblin#English"
],
[
"nixie",
"nixie#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(folklore) based on descendants + cognates: malevolent supernatural (with magic powers) spook",
"undead haunting as a malevolent supernatural spirit/being (troll, devil, hobgoblin, nixie etc)"
],
"senseid": [
"non:ghost"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "troll"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"arts",
"folklore",
"history",
"human-sciences",
"literature",
"media",
"publishing",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "non",
"name": "Folklore",
"orig": "non:Folklore",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"based on descendants + cognates: malevolent supernatural (with magic powers) spook",
"spectre"
],
"id": "en-draugr-non-noun-non:ghost1",
"links": [
[
"folklore",
"folklore"
],
[
"malevolent",
"malevolent"
],
[
"supernatural",
"supernatural"
],
[
"spook",
"spook"
],
[
"spectre",
"spectre"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(folklore) based on descendants + cognates: malevolent supernatural (with magic powers) spook",
"spectre"
],
"senseid": [
"non:ghost"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "troll"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"arts",
"folklore",
"history",
"human-sciences",
"literature",
"media",
"publishing",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old East Norse",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"based on descendants + cognates: deceiver; nomen agentis to an unattested cognate to Old Saxon bidriogan, Old High German triogan (“to mislead, deceive”)"
],
"id": "en-draugr-non-noun-1I3aybOw",
"links": [
[
"deceiver",
"deceiver"
],
[
"nomen agentis",
"nomen agentis"
],
[
"bidriogan",
"bidriogan#Old_Saxon"
],
[
"triogan",
"triogan#Old_High_German"
]
],
"qualifier": "Old East Norse",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Old East Norse) based on descendants + cognates: deceiver; nomen agentis to an unattested cognate to Old Saxon bidriogan, Old High German triogan (“to mislead, deceive”)"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdrɑuɣr̩/",
"note": "12th century Icelandic"
}
],
"word": "draugr"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"word": "draugur"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*draugiz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/draugiz"
],
[
"drjúgr",
"drjúgr#Old_Norse"
]
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*draugiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *draugiz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly a nominalisation of Proto-Germanic *draugiz (though one would expect the vowel to display umlaut) or related to drjúgr.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "draugr m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"dry wood; tree trunk"
],
"id": "en-draugr-non-noun-non:wood",
"links": [
[
"dry",
"dry"
],
[
"wood",
"wood"
],
[
"tree trunk",
"tree trunk"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(poetic) dry wood; tree trunk"
],
"senseid": [
"non:wood"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"poetic"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"(from the sense of tree-trunk) man, warrior"
],
"id": "en-draugr-non-noun-s9uQFbHO",
"links": [
[
"man",
"man"
],
[
"warrior",
"warrior"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(poetic) (from the sense of tree-trunk) man, warrior"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"poetic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdrɑuɣr̩/",
"note": "12th century Icelandic"
}
],
"word": "draugr"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Norse lemmas",
"Old Norse masculine nouns",
"Old Norse nouns",
"Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "draugrs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "draugar",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "draug",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "+",
"2": "draugar"
},
"expansion": "draugr (plural draugrs or draugar)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Marathi translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Old Norse translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"en:Norse mythology"
],
"glosses": [
"An undead creature from Norse mythology, an animated corpse that inhabits its grave, often guarding buried treasure."
],
"links": [
[
"Norse",
"Norse"
],
[
"mythology",
"mythology"
],
[
"undead",
"undead"
],
[
"Norse",
"Norse"
],
[
"mythology",
"mythology"
],
[
"corpse",
"corpse"
],
[
"grave",
"grave"
],
[
"treasure",
"treasure"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Norse mythology) An undead creature from Norse mythology, an animated corpse that inhabits its grave, often guarding buried treasure."
],
"tags": [
"Norse"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"mysticism",
"mythology",
"philosophy",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "an undead creature from Norse mythology",
"word": "draŭgro"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"lang_code": "mr",
"roman": "ḍrŏgra",
"sense": "an undead creature from Norse mythology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ड्रॉग्र"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "an undead creature from Norse mythology",
"word": "draug"
},
{
"code": "non",
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"sense": "an undead creature from Norse mythology",
"word": "draugr"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "an undead creature from Norse mythology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "draugr"
}
],
"word": "draugr"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Norse lemmas",
"Old Norse masculine a-stem nouns",
"Old Norse masculine nouns",
"Old Norse nouns",
"Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Norse",
"Old Norse terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰrewgʰ- (deceive)",
"Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Norse",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "Ruler of the dead: Odin",
"translation": "Ruler of the dead: Odin",
"word": "Draugadróttinn"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"word": "dreygur"
},
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"word": "draugur"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "drow"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "trow"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "drow"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
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"word": "drow"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "trow"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
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"word": "trow"
}
],
"lang": "Norn",
"lang_code": "nrn",
"word": "*drau"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
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"word": "drow"
},
{
"lang": "English",
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}
],
"lang": "Scots",
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},
{
"descendants": [
{
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},
{
"lang": "English",
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],
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}
],
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},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
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},
{
"lang": "English",
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}
],
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},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
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},
{
"lang": "English",
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}
],
"lang": "Scots",
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}
],
"lang": "Norn",
"lang_code": "nrn",
"word": "*drog"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"word": "draug"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian",
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},
{
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"word": "drog"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"word": "drau"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"word": "drauv"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"word": "drøv"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"word": "drov"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Norwegian",
"lang_code": "gmq-mno",
"word": "draug"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Norwegian",
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"word": "draug"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian",
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},
{
"lang": "Norwegian",
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"word": "drog"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian",
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"word": "drau"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian",
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"word": "drauv"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"word": "drøv"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian",
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"word": "drov"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Norwegian",
"lang_code": "gmq-mno",
"word": "drau"
},
{
"lang": "Old Danish",
"lang_code": "gmq-oda",
"word": "drog"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "drög"
},
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "dröger"
},
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "draugr"
}
],
"lang": "Old Swedish",
"lang_code": "gmq-osw",
"word": "*drøgher"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Swedish",
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"word": "drög"
},
{
"lang": "Swedish",
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"word": "dröger"
},
{
"lang": "Swedish",
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"word": "draugr"
}
],
"lang": "Old Swedish",
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"word": "*draugr"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
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],
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},
{
"lang": "unknown",
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"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "dronn"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "dröken"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "the devil, Satan",
"word": "dråmårn"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
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"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
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},
{
"lang": "unknown",
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"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
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},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "sv",
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"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "devilment, devilry, mischief",
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}
],
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},
{
"descendants": [
{
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},
{
"lang": "unknown",
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],
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},
{
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],
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},
{
"lang": "unknown",
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"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
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},
{
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{
"lang": "unknown",
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],
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},
{
"lang": "unknown",
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"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
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],
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},
{
"descendants": [
{
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{
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{
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},
{
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{
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{
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],
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{
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],
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},
{
"descendants": [
{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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],
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},
{
"descendants": [
{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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],
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},
{
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],
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}
],
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}
],
"lang": "Scanian",
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},
{
"descendants": [
{
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{
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{
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{
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},
{
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"word": "dronn"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "dröken"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "the devil, Satan",
"word": "dråmårn"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "dråkerskap"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "dråmerskap"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "devilment, devilry, mischief",
"word": "drånskap"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "devil",
"word": "dråmår"
}
],
"lang": "Scanian",
"lang_code": "gmq-scy",
"sense": "devil",
"word": "*drau"
},
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing"
],
"word": "drauge"
},
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing",
"learned"
],
"word": "dravge"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Draugr"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing"
],
"word": "draugr"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Draugr"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing",
"learned"
],
"word": "draug"
},
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing",
"learned"
],
"word": "draug"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*ᛞᚨᚱᚨᚢᚷᚨᛉ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Norse/ᛞᚨᚱᚨᚢᚷᚨᛉ"
],
[
"*draugaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/draugaz"
],
[
"gidrog",
"gidrog#Old_Saxon"
],
[
"bitrog",
"bitrog#Old_High_German"
],
[
"gitrog",
"gitrog#Old_High_German"
],
[
"raukka",
"raukka#Finnish"
],
[
"*rāvkë",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Samic/rāvkë"
],
[
"drumbr",
"drumbr#Old_Norse"
],
[
"dræmr",
"dræmr#Old_Norse"
],
[
"dråmer",
"dråmer#Scanian"
],
[
"dråmår",
"dråmår#Scanian"
],
[
"drommel",
"drommel#Dutch"
],
[
"drommels",
"drommels#Dutch"
],
[
"drummedaris",
"drummedaris#Latin"
],
[
"drög",
"drög#Swedish"
],
[
"dröger",
"dröger#Swedish"
],
[
"drog",
"drog#Danish"
],
[
"draighie",
"draighie#Scots"
],
[
"draich",
"draich#Scots"
],
[
"draick",
"draick#Scots"
],
[
"draich",
"draich#Scots"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰrewgʰ-",
"id": "deceive"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "gmq-pro",
"3": "*ᛞᚨᚱᚨᚢᚷᚨᛉ",
"t": "revenant, ghost, phantom; deceiver",
"tr": "*dᵃraugaʀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse *ᛞᚨᚱᚨᚢᚷᚨᛉ (*dᵃraugaʀ, “revenant, ghost, phantom; deceiver”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*draugaz",
"4": "",
"5": "delusion, mirage, illusion"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *draugaz (“delusion, mirage, illusion”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gidrog",
"3": "",
"4": "delusion"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon gidrog (“delusion”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "bitrog",
"3": "",
"4": "delusion"
},
"expansion": "Old High German bitrog (“delusion”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "raukka"
},
"expansion": "Finnish raukka",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*rāvkë"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Samic *rāvkë",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-scy",
"2": "dråmer"
},
"expansion": "Scanian dråmer",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "drommel"
},
"expansion": "Dutch drommel",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "drummedaris",
"3": "",
"4": "slow human"
},
"expansion": "Latin drummedaris (“slow human”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "drög",
"3": "",
"4": "nut, idiot"
},
"expansion": "Swedish drög (“nut, idiot”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "drog",
"3": "",
"4": "a good-for-nothing"
},
"expansion": "Danish drog (“a good-for-nothing”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "draighie"
},
"expansion": "Scots draighie",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Norse *ᛞᚨᚱᚨᚢᚷᚨᛉ (*dᵃraugaʀ, “revenant, ghost, phantom; deceiver”), from Proto-Germanic *draugaz (“delusion, mirage, illusion”). Akin to Old Saxon gidrog (“delusion”) and Old High German bitrog (“delusion”), gitrog (“ghost”). See also Finnish raukka.\nAlso borrowed into the Sami-languages through an earlier Proto-Norse form, see Proto-Samic *rāvkë.\nRelated by analogy to etymology 2, such as drumbr (“log; peasant”), dræmr (“slow”); Scanian dråmer, dråmår (“devil”); Dutch drommel, drommels (“devil”); Latin drummedaris (“slow human”); Swedish drög (“nut, idiot”), dröger (“slow human”); Danish drog (“a good-for-nothing”); Scots draighie, draich, draick (“a lazy, lumpish, useless person”), draich (“slow, spiritless”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "draugs",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "draugar",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "non-decl-m-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "draugr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "draugrinn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "draugar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "draugarnir",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "draug",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drauginn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drauga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "draugana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "draugi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drauginum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "draugum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "draugunum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "draugs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "draugsins",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drauga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drauganna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"10": "{{{dative}}}",
"11": "plural",
"12": "draugar",
"13": "or",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{ap}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "genitive",
"4": "draugs",
"5": "or",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{datacc}}}",
"9": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "draugr m (genitive draugs, plural draugar)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "draugs",
"3": "draugar"
},
"expansion": "draugr m (genitive draugs, plural draugar)",
"name": "non-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "draug",
"2": "draug"
},
"name": "non-decl-m-a"
},
{
"args": {
"apd": "draugana",
"api": "drauga",
"asd": "drauginn",
"asi": "draug",
"dpd": "draugunum",
"dpi": "draugum",
"dsd": "drauginum",
"dsi": "draugi",
"g": "masculine",
"gpd": "drauganna",
"gpi": "drauga",
"gsd": "draugsins",
"gsi": "draugs",
"notes": "",
"npd": "draugarnir",
"npi": "draugar",
"nsd": "draugrinn",
"nsi": "draugr",
"stem": "strong a-stem",
"title": "draugr"
},
"name": "non-decl-blank-full"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "draugr",
"2": "nsi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "draugrinn",
"2": "nsd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "draugar",
"2": "npi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "draugarnir",
"2": "npd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "draug",
"2": "asi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "drauginn",
"2": "asd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "drauga",
"2": "api"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "draugana",
"2": "apd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "draugi",
"2": "dsi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "drauginum",
"2": "dsd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "draugum",
"2": "dpi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "draugunum",
"2": "dpd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "draugs",
"2": "gsi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "draugsins",
"2": "gsd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "drauga",
"2": "gpi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "drauganna",
"2": "gpd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"non:Folklore"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "\"He kindles furnace's fire\", said the ghost.",
"ref": "Þáttr Þorsteins skelks, in 1827, S. Egilsson, Þ. Guðmundsson, Fornmanna sögur, Volume III. Copenhagen, page 200",
"text": "Hann kyndir ofn brennanda, sagði draugrinn.",
"translation": "\"He kindles furnace's fire\", said the ghost."
}
],
"glosses": [
"based on descendants + cognates: malevolent supernatural (with magic powers) spook"
],
"links": [
[
"folklore",
"folklore"
],
[
"malevolent",
"malevolent"
],
[
"supernatural",
"supernatural"
],
[
"spook",
"spook"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(folklore) based on descendants + cognates: malevolent supernatural (with magic powers) spook"
],
"senseid": [
"non:ghost"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"arts",
"folklore",
"history",
"human-sciences",
"literature",
"media",
"publishing",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"non:Folklore"
],
"glosses": [
"based on descendants + cognates: malevolent supernatural (with magic powers) spook",
"the badly dead"
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"alt": "Ruler of the dead: Odin",
"word": "Draugadróttinn"
}
],
"links": [
[
"folklore",
"folklore"
],
[
"malevolent",
"malevolent"
],
[
"supernatural",
"supernatural"
],
[
"spook",
"spook"
],
[
"badly",
"badly"
],
[
"dead",
"dead"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(folklore) based on descendants + cognates: malevolent supernatural (with magic powers) spook",
"the badly dead"
],
"senseid": [
"non:ghost"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"arts",
"folklore",
"history",
"human-sciences",
"literature",
"media",
"publishing",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"non:Folklore"
],
"glosses": [
"based on descendants + cognates: malevolent supernatural (with magic powers) spook",
"corporeal or manifested revenant, especially those defending their burrial, with vampiric (infectious) traits"
],
"links": [
[
"folklore",
"folklore"
],
[
"malevolent",
"malevolent"
],
[
"supernatural",
"supernatural"
],
[
"spook",
"spook"
],
[
"revenant",
"revenant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(folklore) based on descendants + cognates: malevolent supernatural (with magic powers) spook",
"corporeal or manifested revenant, especially those defending their burrial, with vampiric (infectious) traits"
],
"senseid": [
"non:ghost"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"arts",
"folklore",
"history",
"human-sciences",
"literature",
"media",
"publishing",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"non:Folklore"
],
"glosses": [
"based on descendants + cognates: malevolent supernatural (with magic powers) spook",
"undead haunting as a malevolent supernatural spirit/being (troll, devil, hobgoblin, nixie etc)"
],
"links": [
[
"folklore",
"folklore"
],
[
"malevolent",
"malevolent"
],
[
"supernatural",
"supernatural"
],
[
"spook",
"spook"
],
[
"undead",
"undead"
],
[
"malevolent",
"malevolent"
],
[
"supernatural",
"supernatural"
],
[
"spirit",
"spirit"
],
[
"being",
"being"
],
[
"troll",
"troll#English"
],
[
"devil",
"devil#English"
],
[
"hobgoblin",
"hobgoblin#English"
],
[
"nixie",
"nixie#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(folklore) based on descendants + cognates: malevolent supernatural (with magic powers) spook",
"undead haunting as a malevolent supernatural spirit/being (troll, devil, hobgoblin, nixie etc)"
],
"senseid": [
"non:ghost"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "troll"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"arts",
"folklore",
"history",
"human-sciences",
"literature",
"media",
"publishing",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"non:Folklore"
],
"glosses": [
"based on descendants + cognates: malevolent supernatural (with magic powers) spook",
"spectre"
],
"links": [
[
"folklore",
"folklore"
],
[
"malevolent",
"malevolent"
],
[
"supernatural",
"supernatural"
],
[
"spook",
"spook"
],
[
"spectre",
"spectre"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(folklore) based on descendants + cognates: malevolent supernatural (with magic powers) spook",
"spectre"
],
"senseid": [
"non:ghost"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "troll"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"arts",
"folklore",
"history",
"human-sciences",
"literature",
"media",
"publishing",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old East Norse"
],
"glosses": [
"based on descendants + cognates: deceiver; nomen agentis to an unattested cognate to Old Saxon bidriogan, Old High German triogan (“to mislead, deceive”)"
],
"links": [
[
"deceiver",
"deceiver"
],
[
"nomen agentis",
"nomen agentis"
],
[
"bidriogan",
"bidriogan#Old_Saxon"
],
[
"triogan",
"triogan#Old_High_German"
]
],
"qualifier": "Old East Norse",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Old East Norse) based on descendants + cognates: deceiver; nomen agentis to an unattested cognate to Old Saxon bidriogan, Old High German triogan (“to mislead, deceive”)"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdrɑuɣr̩/",
"note": "12th century Icelandic"
}
],
"word": "draugr"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Norse lemmas",
"Old Norse masculine nouns",
"Old Norse nouns",
"Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"word": "draugur"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*draugiz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/draugiz"
],
[
"drjúgr",
"drjúgr#Old_Norse"
]
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*draugiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *draugiz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly a nominalisation of Proto-Germanic *draugiz (though one would expect the vowel to display umlaut) or related to drjúgr.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "draugr m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Norse poetic terms"
],
"glosses": [
"dry wood; tree trunk"
],
"links": [
[
"dry",
"dry"
],
[
"wood",
"wood"
],
[
"tree trunk",
"tree trunk"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(poetic) dry wood; tree trunk"
],
"senseid": [
"non:wood"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"poetic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Norse poetic terms"
],
"glosses": [
"(from the sense of tree-trunk) man, warrior"
],
"links": [
[
"man",
"man"
],
[
"warrior",
"warrior"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(poetic) (from the sense of tree-trunk) man, warrior"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"poetic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdrɑuɣr̩/",
"note": "12th century Icelandic"
}
],
"word": "draugr"
}
Download raw JSONL data for draugr meaning in All languages combined (29.8kB)
{
"called_from": "page/1498/20230118",
"msg": "''based on descendants + cognate'[...]' gloss has examples we want to keep, but there are subglosses.",
"path": [
"draugr"
],
"section": "Old Norse",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "draugr",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.